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Methods


Source: Boissière M., G. Beaudoin, C. Hofstee, S. Rafanoharana. 2014. Participating in REDD+ Measurement, Reporting, Verification (PMRV): opportunities for local people ? Forests (5): 1855-1878.

The open-ended and self-designed questionnaire was slightly adapted for each level and type of involvement. The healthcare team's questionnaire included items on reasons/motivations behind participation in monitoring and reporting, and the forestry database team's questionnaire was adapted for each level of involvement (i.e. local or national) and for the institute that was interviewed (i.e. private or government owned).
The healthcare team conducted individual and group interviews with informants (both volunteers and government workers) who directly collect, report and manage Posyandu data. The forestry team interviewed informants from both public and private sector institutes who are currently involved in forestry data management at the selected sites in Indonesia.

The interviews were based on the questionnaires and contained between 35 and 40 open-ended questions. The interviews were usually less than one hour. Additional information was gathered via informal discussions, for example participants were asked their opinion on the feasibility of PMRV for carbon monitoring in Indonesia. Where possible and desirable, interviews with informants were planned upfront and approval was sought from related institutes and/or a higher level. If voice-recording equipment was used, approval was again sought upfront and it was explained that these recordings would remain confidential. After the interview, answers were checked for clarity and transcribed into Bahasa Indonesia. A native speaking (Bahasa Indonesia) team member later translated the interviews into English. When answers were missing or unclear, the informant was asked for clarification via a phone call or a personal visit.

In each of the selected provinces, one district was chosen for analysis of information flow in the current PMRV system for both the healthcare and the forestry sectors. Below is a short description of the key informants who were interviewed between July and December 2013 for the healthcare team and the forestry database team.

Governance health team

  • Wonosobo district-Central Java, Mamberamo Raya district-Papua, Kapuas Hulu district-West Kalimantan
    • Volunteers from the village who are involved in Posyandu activities
    • Village midwife/village nurse
    • Personnel of the sub district health centre
    • Personnel of the district/provincial health service
    • Personnel of the provincial health department
  • Jakarta, national level, Directorate general of family health and nutrition of Ministry of Health.

Governance forestry database team

  • Wonosobo district, Central Java
    • Forest Area Designation Bureau (Regional Office of Forestry Planning) XI in Yogyakarta (Balai Pemantapan Kawasan Hutan Wilayah XI Yogyakarta)
    • Central Java Provincial Forestry Service (Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Jawa Tengah)
    • Secretariat of Extension Coordination Body of Central Java (Sekretariat Badan Koordinasi Penyuluh Provinsi Jateng)
    • Wonosobo District's Forestry and Estate Crops Office (Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan Kabupaten Wonosobo)
    • Sub-district forestry extension officers from Wonosobo District
    • Unit I Central Java State-Owned Forestry Company (Perum Perhutani Unit I Jawa Tengah, from village to provincial level)
    • Forest village community organization (LMDH /Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan), a community organization in partnership with Perhutani on collaborative forest management program (PHBM)
  • Mamberamo Raya district, Papua
    • Forest Area Designation Bureau (Regional Office of Forestry Planning) X in Jayapura (Balai Pemantapan Kawasan Hutan Wilayah X Jayapura)
    • Papua Provincial Forest and Conservation Office (Dinas Kehutanan dan Konservasi Provinsi Papua)
    • Mamberamo Raya District Forestry Service (Dinas Kehutanan Kabupaten Mamberamo Raya)
    • PT. Mamberamo Alas Mandiri (A forest concession company based in Papua, at the camp level)
  • Kapuas Hulu district, West Kalimantan
    • Forest Area Designation Bureau (Regional Office of Forestry Planning) III in Pontianak(Balai Pemantapan Kawasan Hutan Wilayah III Pontianak)
    • West Kalimantan Provincial Forestry Service (Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat)
    • Food Security and Extension Agency of West Kalimantan Province (Badan Ketahanan Pangan & Penyuluhan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat)
    • Kapuas Hulu District's Forestry and Estate Crops Agency (Dinas Perkebunan & Kehutanan, Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu)
    • Village Forest Management Institutions in Sri Wangi and Nanga Jemah village (Lembaga Pengelola Hutan Desa Sriwangi dan Nanga Jemah)
  • Jakarta, national level
    • Forestry Extension Center (Pusat Penyuluhan Kehutanan)
    • National Council on Climate Change (Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim)
    • Deputy Minister of Environment Damage Control and Climate Change (Deputi Bidang Pengendalian Kerusakan Lingkungan dan Perubahan Iklim, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan)
    • State-Owned Forestry Company central office in Jakarta (Kantor Pusat Perum Perhutani, Jakarta
    • PT. Mamberamo Alas Mandiri central office in Jakarta (Kantor Pusat PT. MAM, Jakarta).